Lecture 1

 Lecture 1, Sept 29, 2025 

Advice on learning statistics

  • Reasoning >> Procedures. 
    • Do not memorize a recipe but find the spirit in that recipes so that you can improvise when necessary
    • "Any fool can know. The point is to understand" - Albert Einstein

  • Common sense before Math, Math is the formalization of common sense
  • Computers are VERY useful tools 
    • Simulation is powerful in evaluate statistical procedures
    • Simple computational procedures can replace mathematical approaches

Advice on learning R

  • Don’t be afraid to ask people around you 
  • Don’t be afraid to ask the internet or strangers on internet (https://stackoverflow.com)
  • Don’t be afraid to test-run your code 
  • Don't be afraid to ask AI, but they have to earn your trust
  • Try to figure out the cryptic error messages 
  • Try to read R documentation (help function) 


Some Online Source of Learning R


Online Resource at Einstein 

https://einsteinmed.edu/centers/ictr/biostatistics-epidemiology-research-design-core/berd-house

R tutorial for beginners: 

  • https://swirlstats.com/students.html [an interactive tutorial that runs right inside R. You select a topic you want to learn, and it guides you through the lesson, asking questions along the way right at the R console]
  • http://www.r-tutor.com/r-introduction
  • https://learningstatisticswithr.com/book/introR.html
  • https://www.w3schools.com/R/
  • https://www.learn-r.org/
R cheat sheet:
  • https://rstudio.com/resources/cheatsheets/
Data analysis using R: 
  • https://stats.idre.ucla.edu/r/ [nice description of various statistical methods and example]
  • http://www.sthda.com
Search online
  • stackoverflow.com
  • stackexchange.com


Notes in Powerpoint


HW1:

1. Think and briefly answer the following questions (no more than 300 words)

a. What have you learned in statistics/data analysis before QSBRII? (in no more than 100 words)

b. What do you wish to learn in data analysis that will help you in your current research in the next year?

c. In you mind what kind of data skills a biomedical researcher should have in long term? 


3. There are 4 cups labeled 1, 2, 3, 4.

a. write out all possible 6 ways of selecting two cups out of the four.
b. What is the best result the lady can get if she was only tested on 4 cups?
c. What is the corresponding P-value for the best possible result? 
d. What is your opinion on such experiment?

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